What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomasshigh
Fruitedible grapes
Shadedense canopy
Through the year
Emergence
Bud break and leaf emergence typically occur after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 100C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs approximately 30 days after emergence, lasting for about three weeks.
Fruiting
Fruit development begins about 60 days after flowering and continues for two months.
Harvest
Grapes are typically ready for harvest from late August through September.
Senescence
Leaves begin to senesce and change color with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths.
Dormancy
The plant enters full dormancy shortly after the first hard frost, remaining dormant through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy loam, clay loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, layering
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 2-3 months
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, birds, mammals
Can host pestsgrape phylloxera, Japanese beetle, grape berry moth
Can host diseasespowdery mildew, downy mildew, black rot