What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate and seedlings emerge when soil temperatures are consistently above 5°C.
floweringFlowering is initiated by lengthening days and air temperatures above 10°C.
fruitingFruit (siliques) development begins approximately 30 days after flowering.
harvestHarvest occurs when seeds are mature, typically 45 days after fruiting begins.
senescencePlants begin to senesce with the onset of the first autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur, boron
Soil textureloam, silt
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestscabbage worms, flea beetles, aphids
Can host diseasesclubroot, black rot