What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate after the last spring frost when soil temperatures are consistently warm.
floweringFlowering typically begins about 60 days after emergence and continues through summer.
senescencePlants die back with the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, beneficial insects
Repelsnematodes, whiteflies, aphids, cabbage worms