What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium to high
Companions
Keep apart from
Through the year
Emergence
Seeds germinate when soil temperatures are consistently above 50C.
Flowering
Flowers typically appear in late spring to early summer as day length increases.
Fruiting
Seed pods develop after flowering.
Harvest
Leaves can be harvested continuously from late spring through autumn.
Dormancy
Enters a period of reduced growth or dormancy with the onset of first autumn frosts, though can be overwintered in mild climates.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatescalcium, sulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodscuttings, seeds
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingLight
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestscabbage worms, aphids, flea beetles
Can host diseasesclubroot, downy mildew