What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium to high
Keep apart from
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate when soil temperatures are consistently above 5°C.
floweringFlowers typically appear in late spring to early summer as day length increases.
fruitingSeed pods develop after flowering.
harvestLeaves can be harvested continuously from late spring through autumn.
dormancyEnters a period of reduced growth or dormancy with the onset of first autumn frosts, though can be overwintered in mild climates.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatescalcium, sulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodscuttings, seeds
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingLight
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestscabbage worms, aphids, flea beetles
Can host diseasesclubroot, downy mildew