What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassedible leaves
Keep apart from
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate when soil temperatures reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering is typically triggered by lengthening days in spring after overwintering.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing over several weeks.
harvestHarvest can begin in early autumn and continue through winter.
senescencePlants will senesce and die back with the onset of hard autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatescalcium, iron, magnesium, potassium
Soil textureloam, silt
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestscabbage worms, aphids, flea beetles
Can host diseasesclubroot, downy mildew