What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium to high
Shadelight to medium
Pollenabundant
Nectarabundant
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
New leaves emerge shortly after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5 C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs approximately one month after leaf emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
Fruiting
Pods containing seeds develop after flowering and mature over several weeks.
Harvest
Seeds can be harvested from mature pods in mid to late summer.
Senescence
Leaves turn yellow and drop with the first significant autumn frost.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy after leaf drop and remains dormant through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moderately drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 60-90 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, pollinators, birds
Can host pestsaphids