What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassedible leaves and seeds
Nectarattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate rapidly in cool soil temperatures.
floweringFlowers appear as days lengthen, especially in warmer conditions.
fruitingSeed pods develop shortly after flowering.
harvestLeaves can be harvested continuously from a young stage until bolting.
senescencePlants decline and die back as days shorten and temperatures drop, or after prolonged heat and bolting.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur, potassium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies
Can host pestsflea_beetles, cabbage_worms
Can host diseasesdowny_mildew, white_rust