What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Mulch_biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures are consistently above 10°C.
floweringFlowering begins in early to mid-summer as days lengthen and air temperatures are consistently warm.
harvestHarvest of leaves and flowers can occur from mid-summer through early autumn, typically after the initial flush of flowering.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back in autumn with the first frosts and shortening day lengths.
dormancyEnters dormancy in late autumn after hard frosts, remaining dormant through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium
Soil texturesandy, loamy
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hoverflies
Repelscabbage_moth, flea_beetles