What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Nectarhigh
Pollenhigh
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering is initiated by lengthening photoperiods and warm air temperatures, usually starting in late spring to early summer.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing over several weeks.
senescenceSenescence begins with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths, leading to plant dieback.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moderately drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationrequires scarification or cold stratification
Self-seedingAggressive
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, beneficial insects