What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs in mid-summer, triggered by lengthening days.
harvestHarvest can begin before flowering for tender leaves and continue through the flowering period.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters dormancy after the first hard frosts of autumn, persisting through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, potassium
Soil texturesandy, loamy
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hoverflies
Repelscabbage moth, cucumber beetle