What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate slowly in cool soil.
floweringFlowers in its second year, typically in summer.
fruitingSeeds mature after flowering.
harvestRoots are ready for harvest in late summer to autumn of the first year.
senescenceFoliage dies back with the first hard frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, iron, magnesium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnot_required
Self-seedingLight
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbeneficial insects