What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs in summer with lengthening days and warm air temperatures.
senescenceSenescence begins with the first autumn frosts, leading to dormancy.
dormancyEnters dormancy after the first hard frosts and sustained cold temperatures.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescopper, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, beneficial insects
Repelsaphids, ants, cabbage worms