What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs in late spring to early summer, typically 3 months after emergence, as day length increases.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over 45 days.
harvestLeaves can be harvested continuously from 60 days after emergence throughout the growing season.
dormancyPlants enter dormancy with the first autumn frost or when air temperatures consistently drop below -5°C.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil textureloam, sandy loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Repelsaphids, carrot rust fly, slugs
Can host diseasesonion white rot, downy mildew, rust