What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures reach 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in late spring to early summer, typically 3 months after emergence, as day length increases.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over 45 days.
Harvest
Leaves can be harvested continuously from 60 days after emergence throughout the growing season.
Dormancy
Plants enter dormancy with the first autumn frost or when air temperatures consistently drop below -50C.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil textureloam, sandy loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Repelsaphids, carrot rust fly, slugs