What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium to high
Nectarmoderate
Pollenmoderate
Companions
Keep apart from
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate and emerge when soil temperatures are consistently above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically begins about 30 days after emergence, lasting for approximately one month.
fruitingFruiting (pod development) starts shortly after flowering and continues for about a month.
harvestSeeds are ready for harvest when pods dry and turn yellow, typically 30 days after fruiting begins.
senescencePlants die back with the first hard autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur, selenium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, beneficial insects
Can host pestscabbage worms, flea beetles, aphids
Can host diseasesclubroot, downy mildew