What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate and seedlings emerge after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically begins about 60 days after emergence and can continue for several months.
fruitingFruits (seeds) develop and mature approximately 30 days after flowering begins.
senescencePlants begin to senesce and die back with the onset of the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, lacewings, ladybugs
Can host pestsaphids, slugs, snails
Can host diseasespowdery mildew, leaf spot