What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 10°C.
Flowering
Flowering begins in early summer as days lengthen and temperatures are warm, continuing for several months.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after the first hard frosts of autumn, remaining dormant through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, cats
Repelsaphids, squash bugs, flea beetles, ants, rodents