What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 10°C.
floweringFlowering begins in early summer as days lengthen and temperatures are warm, continuing for several months.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters dormancy after the first hard frosts of autumn, remaining dormant through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, cats
Repelsaphids, squash bugs, flea beetles, ants, rodents