What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
New growth emerges after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 10°C.
Flowering
Flowering typically begins in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over several weeks.
Harvest
Leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season, with peak flavor often in early summer before flowering.
Dormancy
Plants enter dormancy with the first autumn frosts and sustained cold temperatures.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil texturesandy, loamy
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnot required
Self-seedingLight
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hoverflies
Repelscabbage moth, carrot rust fly