What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Pollinator_attractionhigh
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Seeds germinate when soil temperatures are consistently warm.
Flowering
Flowering typically begins in mid-summer as days lengthen, continuing until frost.
Harvest
Leaves can be harvested continuously from young plants until frost.
Senescence
Plants are sensitive to cold and will die back with the first autumn frost.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies
Repelsflies, mosquitoes, aphids, tomato hornworm
Can host diseasesfusarium wilt