What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Pollinator_servicesattracts various pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering begins in early summer as days lengthen and air temperatures are consistently above 15°C, continuing for several months.
senescenceSenescence occurs with the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies
Repelsaphids, cabbage_worms, cucumber_beetles