What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceGermination and emergence typically occur in early spring or autumn when soil temperatures are consistently above 5°C and sufficient moisture is available.
floweringFlowering is initiated by lengthening days in late spring to early summer, typically after 60-90 days of growth.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seed set occurring over several weeks in late spring to early summer.
senescencePlants senesce and die back in mid to late summer as temperatures rise and day length shortens, completing their annual lifecycle.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionnone
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, beneficial insects