What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomasshigh
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Germination and emergence typically occur in early spring or autumn when soil temperatures are consistently above 50C and sufficient moisture is available.
Flowering
Flowering is initiated by lengthening days in late spring to early summer, typically after 60-90 days of growth.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seed set occurring over several weeks in late spring to early summer.
Senescence
Plants senesce and die back in mid to late summer as temperatures rise and day length shortens, completing their annual lifecycle.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, beneficial insects